Plain-language guides to formats, ingredients, packaging and compliance — written by the people who run the lines.
A gel and an emulsion can make the same hydration claim with different textures, costs and stability profiles. The choic…
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Zinc oxide covers UVA better than titanium dioxide but needs a higher dose. The result is a heavier formula and a differ…
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Bio-cellulose is grown by bacteria, not woven. The nanofibre structure is why it conforms so well and costs so much.
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A sheet mask is three decisions — substrate, serum load and cut — and each one changes comfort, cost and the claim you c…
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A sachet is a laminate pouch with a very low unit cost and a very poor recycling profile. It wins on sampling and travel…
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The difference is dose, texture and ritual, not ingredients. A balm is a maintenance product; a mask is an occasional tr…
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The vocabulary that comes up in every formulation meeting, in one page. Save it before your next supplier call.
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