Ingredients
6 min read
Vitamin C Derivatives: Which Form Survives Which Formula
Ascorbic acid is the most active and the least stable. The derivatives trade potency for shelf life, and the trade is no…
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Ascorbic acid is the most active and the least stable. The derivatives trade potency for shelf life, and the trade is no…
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Ceramides only work in the right ratio with cholesterol and fatty acids. A token 0.1 percent is a label ingredient, not …
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Retinol is a dose-and-delivery problem, not a concentration problem. Light, oxygen and the pack decide how much arrives …
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Titanium dioxide is a pigment and a filter at the same time, and particle size decides which job it does. The cast is a …
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Panthenol is cheap, stable and genuinely useful. The dose decides whether it is a humectant, a soother or a label ingred…
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Peptides are short chains with specific mechanisms. Three families cover most products, and the dose and vehicle decide …
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